This study aims to assess the effect of food aid on the prevalence of household food insufficiency in Indonesia. The distribution of food aid in-kind (Rastra, Beras Sejahtera) and cash/digital (BPNT, Non-Cash Food Assistance) is compared to prove whether the digitalization of food aid can reduce the prevalence of food insecurity. A quantitative approach using the difference-in-differences (DiD) method is applied to 8 (eight) years of data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) 2015-2022. Then, a qualitative approach using the in-depth interview method with food aid recipients was conducted to support and complement the quantitative study. The results of the quantitative study prove that the digitalization of food aid has actually resulted in an increase in the prevalence of food insecurity in beneficiary households. In addition, there are inclusion and exclusion errors in aid distribution that affect the effectiveness of the program. The distribution of food assistance through BPNT led to an increase in food insufficiency among beneficiary households. Calorie consumption per capita shows a significant relationship in increasing food insufficiency. On the other hand, household expenditure, per capita expenditure and food expenditure show a positive direction of significance which will decrease the likelihood of households experiencing food insufficiency. Food aid plays an important role in reducing food insufficiency, but non-targeted distribution can reduce its effectiveness. Therefore, it is concluded that food assistance and digitalization of food assistance have a significant effect on increasing food insufficiency. In addition, the BPNT distribution mechanism needs to be thoroughly evaluated considering that this program has proven ineffective in reducing food insecurity. The evaluation should include the distribution process, the amount of assistance, and the accuracy of target recipients. Efforts to improve food access through food price stabilization also need to be a priority to overcome food insufficiency in a sustainable manner.